John m



(No Model.) i J. M.-G-ULL.

METHOD OF WELDING. No. 50 ,012 Patehted Nov. 7, 1893.

WITNESSES: INVENTOI? 7 r-vffl BESTAVAILABLE com p M sEsiAvAn/lsuzcosr UNITED STATES IQB-Laj:

JonN M. GU'LL, s JonNs'rowN, PENNSYLVANIA, 'AssIeNoR, BYlMESNE' ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE JoHNsoN COMPANY, OF-PEENSYLYANIAV WELDING} srscmcArxo formingpart of Letters i'fatent soe'pie, dated Newest ajia es v Applioatloniiledllecember14,1892. ,srnmmseisz. jisu a'dmm.)

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that 1, JOHN M. GULL, a citi zen cf the United States, residing at Johnstown, county of Cambria,-S tate of Pennsylvan1a,have invented a new and useful Method of \Velding, of which the following is' a true and exact description, due reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings.

This invention relatesto acertain improved" method of welding metal pieces, one or more, of small mass to a metal piece of large mass, or metal pieces of, smaller to pieces of larger mass. It; has been found in practice that where metallic pieces of smallmass are welded to one of large mass, in cooling, the con 1 tractionof the hot weldedsportion-tendrto bend the piece'of large mass and if straight f discovered, if, duringthe welding operation while the welded part is hot, the piece of large mass be placed under a strain causing enedwhen cold, the elongation of this portion tends to. rupture the piece, sometimes fracturing and often weakening it. I have it to bend in a direction reverse to that which a the contraction resultant from the welding process would cause it to move, that after the welding is completed the; tendency of the piece of large mass to bend in cooling causes it to return to an approximately straight condition so that the structure is relieved ofstrain when straight. During this bending the hot welded portion being the point 'of least resistance and practically non elastic will stretch and yield while the cooler metalsurrounding it isnot stretched beyond its elastic limit. As this hot; portion is the. only part which subsequently contracts, the stretching of itnot only relievesthis part of, the internal strains that would exist if not so removed, but will'leave the structure as a whole, upon ultimately cooling approximately straight and so reduce theamount of stress,-

put in same inany subsequent'process of straightening or curving.

I will describe how this improved method has been carried on successfully in the welding of rails and supports together and in which the heatat the welding'point was caused by an electric current.

In the accompanying drawings is shown sufiicient ot the apparatus toilldstfife the invention.

Figure 1 showsin elevation flu in cross section, restin easing verted'rail base resting h l for welding, a,pluug'f' the railbase-and ani'jen h ia 'e' dm ing theraiL-wjhile it beingv terward whilestill'hohiqFig;- 2 15"? of the partsshown in'Fig- 1,"sh owi'ng tion of theirail' as it'is bent down, whil' welded portion isstill-lz ot.- As'theinech" nismforweldingb r ports ilrqad railsis well kno illu'st a'iidthe method of electricweld -ing"wil,l ;on1y' -be referred to, so far-as to pc out the presentinv'ention;

The contact blocks for conductingthe en rent of electricity tothe'twopieces 'to welded are omitted tom the drawingsin of der that the method described may be more, plainly illustrated. The said-contact'blo'cks v are so arranged as to cause the current to traverse the webs of -,.rail and-base in such '15 manner as .to pass from -one to thebther through the portions to be welded; 1f

In welding bases or supports tdrsilroadfl rails, a rail is supported =b eneat'h a-.plunget head 2, on asuitable support3. "Abase'orsu-p' 89 port 4 is placed on the rail -1,'an d heldlnplace by'the plunger head 2. Electrical contact is then made with the base and the rail. *fieat'by an electric current is developed and con'oenv f trated at the welding point and pressure in plied. During the welding or immediately after while theheat of the'weld is-lstill prescut, the rail is bent downeach sideot. this poin When the rail is releasedfromthis 1 ben position, it returns therefrom as It cools to approximately a straight position. Any suitable device may be employed to bend down the rail. To illustrate one way'of doing'this, the apparatus shown in the accoim panying drawings may be employed,consist-.=95, ing of a pair of clamps 5, adapted'to bite the rail 1, and mounted on the upper end of mov-- able rods or plungers 6, projecting from cylinders 7 in asuitable base 8. The rods .6 may be operated by a suitablepower, to draw xee I down the rail 1, to a bent position as shown.

, next weld is being made and bent.

in Fig.2. Although in the drawings this is indicated nsoccurring under the machine, the weld which has been operated upon may be removed when hot, in which casethe'weld will be cooling and strnightenir'ig while the After a base 4 has been welded to a rail 1, and the rail =be'nt, as aforesaid, thebent rail 1 is released from the clamps 5, and returnsto an approximatelyhorizon tal position when cold, as shown 7 weld the parts together may be used without departiug from my invention, and moreover the rail after being welded can be allowed to cool and subsequently heated at the welded part and bent, this said process of relieving strain being made a separate and distinct process. Y

Havln'g now fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to protect by Letters 1. The hereinbefore described improvement in the method of welding a metallic piece of smaller mass to a piece otlarger mass, which consists in welding the pieces together and BESTAVAIVL'ABLE copi Y. iEF TAVmrA-s'tecom bending-the piecevof larger mass .vhile the 1 mass is hot at the welded portion.

9. The herei nbefore described improvement in the method of welding a rail and support together, which consists in welding the support to the rail, and bending the rail while the welded portion is hot. i

The hereinbefore described improvement in the method of welding two pieces of metal together, which consists in welding the two pieces together, and bending one of said pieces while the mass is hot'at the welded portion.

4. In the hereinbefore described improve ment in the method of welding supports to a rail, administering a series of bends to the" rail only in the portions containing the welds while but at the welded portions, for the pu'rpose set forth. I

5. The hereinbefore described improvement in the method of welding supportsto a. rail, which consists in successively welding the supports to the rail and bending therail while hot at each welded portion. .6. The hereinbeforedescribed'improvement in the method of welding supports to a rail,

supports to the rail and stretching the welded portions while hot.

In testimony whereof I haveafiixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

L onNn. GULL. .Witriesses: v

WM. D. MCELHINNY, WM. A. DONALDSON,

which consists in successively welding the 

